Their work led to the first graduates of distinction from the National College of Naturopathic Medicine in Portland and John Bastyr College of Naturopathic Medicine in Seattle. Later, the movement spread, and I had the opportunity to work with the founders of the Canadian College of Naturopathic Medicine in Toronto on the development of their science-based curriculum. Later still came the Southwest College of Naturopathic Medicine in Scottsdale, Arizona, and Bridgeport University College of Naturopathic Medicine in Connecticut. With my wife, Susan Bland, I founded the Institute for Functional Medicine in 1991. The forward-looking dialogue that began with natural medicine has never stopped: How do we balance science with experience, the individual with the average, the diagnosis with the prognosis, the intervention with the intention, the technology with the intuition, and the genes with the environment? More than 100 000 licensed health care practitioners have participated in education programs offered through the Institute for Functional Medicine during the past 26 years. Millions of patients have experienced the functional medicine approach to the clinical implementation of systems biology, as well as personalized prevention and treatment during this period.15 In 2014, the Cleveland Clinic Center for Functional Medicine was established; hundreds of patients are now seen annually and the success of the functional medicine operating system is being closely measured.16 For me, this has been a remarkable 40-year journey, and it was the convergence of 3 paths—natural medicine,

How to Summarize a Research Article

Research articles use a standard format to clearly communicate information about an

experiment. A research article usually has seven major sections: Title, Abstract,

Introduction, Method, Results, Discussion, and References.

Determine your focus

The first thing you should do is to decide why you need to summarize the article. If the

purpose of the summary is to take notes to later remind yourself about the article you may

want to write a longer summary. However, if the purpose of summarizing the article is to

include it in a paper you are writing, the summary should focus on how the articles

relates specifically to your paper.

Reading the Article

Allow enough time. Before you can write about the research, you have to understand it.

This can often take a lot longer than most people realize. Only when you can clearly

explain the study in your own words to someone who hasn’t read the article are you ready

to write about it.

Scan the article first. If you try to read a new article from start to finish, you’ll get

bogged down in detail. Instead, use your knowledge of APA format to find the main

points. Briefly look at each section to identify:

• the research question and reason for the study (stated in the Introduction) • the hypothesis or hypotheses tested (Introduction) • how the hypothesis was tested (Method) • the findings (Results, including tables and figures) • how the findings were interpreted (Discussion)

Underline key sentences or write the key point (e.g., hypothesis, design) of each

paragraph in the margin. Although the abstract can help you to identify the main points,

you cannot rely on it exclusively, because it contains very condensed information.

Remember to focus on the parts of the article that are most relevant.

Read for depth, read interactively. After you have highlighted the main points, read each

section several times. As you read, ask yourself these questions:

• How does the design of the study address the research questions? • How convincing are the results? Are any of the results surprising? • What does this study contribute toward answering the original question? • What aspects of the original question remain unanswered?

Plagiarism. Plagiarism is always a risk when summarizing someone else’s work. To

avoid it:

• Take notes in your own words. Using short notes or summarizing key points in your own words forces you to rewrite the ideas into your own words later.

• If you find yourself sticking closely to the original language and making only minor changes to the wording, then you probably don’t understand the study

Writing the Summary

Like an abstract in a published research article, the purpose of an article summary is to

give the reader a brief overview of the study. To write a good summary, identify what

information is important and condense that information for your reader. The better you

understand a subject, the easier it is to explain it thoroughly and briefly.

Write a first draft. Use the same order as in the article itself. Adjust the length

accordingly depending on the content of your particular article and how you will be using

the summary.

• State the research question and explain why it is interesting. • State the hypotheses tested. • Briefly describe the methods (design, participants, materials, procedure, what was

manipulated [independent variables], what was measured [dependent variables],

how data were analyzed.

• Describe the results. Were they significant? • Explain the key implications of the results. Avoid overstating the importance of

the findings.

• The results, and the interpretation of the results, should relate directly to the hypothesis.

For the first draft, focus on content, not length (it will probably be too long). Condense

later as needed. Try writing about the hypotheses, methods and results first, then about

the introduction and discussion last. If you have trouble on one section, leave it for a

while and try another.

If you are summarizing an article to include in a paper you are writing it may be

sufficient to describe only the results if you give the reader context to understand those

results.

For example: “Smith (2004) found that participants in the motivation group scored higher

than those in the control group, confirming that motivational factors play a role in

impression formation”. This summary not only tells the results but also gives some

information on what variables were examined and the outcome of interest. In this case it

is very important to introduce the study in a way that the brief summary makes sense in

the larger context

Edit for completeness and accuracy. Add information for completeness where necessary.

More commonly, if you understand the article, you will need to cut redundant or less

important information.

Stay focused on the research question, be concise, and avoid generalities.

Edit for style. Write to an intelligent, interested, naive, and slightly lazy audience (e.g.,

yourself, your classmates). Expect your readers to be interested, but don’t make them

struggle to understand you. Include all the important details; don’t assume that they are

already understood.

• Eliminate wordiness, including most adverbs (“very”, “clearly”). “The results clearly showed that there was no difference between the groups” can be shortened

to “There was no significant difference between the groups”.

• Use specific, concrete language. Use precise language and cite specific examples to support assertions. Avoid vague references (e.g. “this illustrates” should be

“this result illustrates”).

• Use scientifically accurate language. For example, you cannot “prove” hypotheses (especially with just one study). You “support” or “fail to find support

for” them.

• Rely primarily on paraphrasing, not direct quotes. Direct quotes are seldom used in scientific writing. Instead, paraphrase what you have read. To give due

credit for information that you paraphrase, cite the author’s last name and the year

of the study (Smith, 1982).

• Re-read what you have written. Ask others to read it to catch things that you’ve missed.

Adapted from: Summarizing a Research Article 1997-2006, University of Washington12 Integrative Medicine • Vol. 17, No. 1 • February 2018 Bland—Creating Synthesis
The Natural Roots of Functional Medicine
Jeffrey S. Bland, PhD, FACN, FACB, Associate Editor
CREATING SYNTHESIS
Jeffrey S. Bland, PhD, FACN, FACB, is the president and
founder of the Personalized Lifestyle Medicine Institute in
Seattle, Washington. He has been an internationally
recognized leader in nutrition medicine for more than
25 years. Dr Bland is the cofounder of the Institute for
Functional Medicine (IFM) and is chairman emeritus of
IFM’s Board of Directors. He is the author of the 2014 book
The Disease Delusion: Conquering the Causes of Chronic
Illness for a Healthier, Longer, and Happier Life.
People often ask me about the origins of the functional
medicine concept. The Institute for Functional Medicine
has captured worldwide attention in the last several
decades, and it continues to expand its reach in ways that
I watch with great pride and pleasure. Like the creation of
many new ideas, the functional medicine concept cannot
be tracked to a well-defined business plan or an organized
management structure. Rather, it emerged organically
from conversations and collaborations, and then it
continued to evolve due to the shared visions—and hard
work—of many dedicated health professionals.
Humble Beginnings, an Open Mind, and
Unexpected Attention
In 1971, I took my first “real job.” I was an assistant
professor of chemistry and environmental science at the
University of Puget Sound in Tacoma, Washington, where
I had the opportunity to teach a number of different
chemistry-related subjects, including biochemistry and
environmental science. One of my first research students
was interested in doing work with vitamin E. I knew very
little about vitamin E at that time, only that it was an
interesting family of molecules with the name tocopherol,
which—from the Greek—means “to bear offspring.”
Why this name? When vitamin E was discovered in
1922 by Herbert Evans, MD, and his research assistant,
Katharine Bishop, MD, at the University of California,
Berkeley, their studies indicated that rats fed a diet
containing highly purified fat were unable to successfully
produce live offspring.1
With additional research, they
discovered that the process of purifying fat removed a
fat-soluble family of nutrient molecules, which they later
called vitamin E or tocopherols. My student and I decided
to evaluate the effect of vitamin E on the human red blood
cell in both controlled in vitro studies and in vivo human
intervention trials. Our work, which took place between
1972 and 1975, revealed how vitamin E protects red blood
cells against damage associated with aging; we were
among the first investigators to report a mechanistic link
between vitamin E and a health benefit in humans.2,3
The publication of this work generated significant
interest from the medical and nutrition research
communities, and even among the general public. My
visibility was rising, and I was invited to speak at a number
of professional meetings. I suddenly found myself being
described as a nutritionist, when in reality my training and
background made me more a clinical biochemist and
environmental scientist. These new opportunities brought
me into contact with a number of very interesting groups
that would change my life and career forever.
An Invitation, a Life-changing Introduction, and an
Open Door
In 1975, I attended the inaugural meeting of the
Northwest Academy of Preventive Medicine, which was
founded by Leo Bolles, MD. The conference took place in
Seattle, Washington, and Linus Pauling, PhD, 2-time
Nobel Laureate in chemistry and peace, was the keynote
speaker. It was my honor and privilege to meet Dr Pauling
for the first time at this event, and this encounter was the
This is a very exciting time for medicine. We are
witnessing the creation of a new approach to the
prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. It is
an omnigenic approach—powered by systems biology—
to assembling patient-specific information about how
genes and lifestyle interact. When combined with other
new technologies such as artificial intelligence and
machine learning informatics, the result will be the
development of a precision form of personalized lifestyle
medicine applied to cardiovascular disease. This
advancement will be a gateway for change throughout
the entire segment of the health care system that is
focused on the many complex chronic conditions
affecting our world population.
Abstract
Bland—Creating Synthesis Integrative Medicine • Vol. 17, No. 1 • February 2018 13
beginning of a long-term professional relationship, which
ultimately led to my work at the Linus Pauling Institute of
Science and Medicine in Palo Alto, California, in the early
1980s. While I was still at the university, however, I
answered a knock on my office door one memorable day
in 1977. In my doorway stood Joseph Pizzorno, ND—to
this day, a lifelong friend and colleague—along with a
group of naturopathic physicians. In retrospect, I recognize
that I hosted an impromptu gathering of naturopathic
superstars in my small office that day. The ensemble
included Bill Mitchell, Les Griffith, Jenefer Huntoon,
Cathy Rogers, Irv Miller, Cathy Naughton, and even the
esteemed father of naturopathic medicine in the Pacific
Northwest, John Bastyr, DC, ND.
Decades later, time now allows me to recognize that
my interaction with this group of young, energetic,
dedicated, and very intelligent naturopaths was my first
introduction to the field of naturopathy and natural
medicine. They had come to me with a request: Would I
teach a class in botanical pharmacology—they would be
my students—to help facilitate renewal of the ND licensure
law in the state of Washington? Naively, I took up the
challenge, and for 3 months we came together regularly to
complete the course. With a great deal of amusement, I
now think back to the scene: There I was—a young
hotshot professor of chemistry—trying to teach
Dr John Bastyr about botanical pharmacology when he
was a respected world expert in this field. It is a testament
to Dr Bastyr’s character that he thoroughly engaged in the
discussions and never held himself above the material;
rather, he not only contributed richly to the class dialogue,
but also to my own education in the process. When I
shared the news of this collaboration with my mother,
who was living in California at the time, she indicated that
she had gone to a naturopath as a child growing up in
Los Angeles; her mother—my grandmother—had been a
big supporter of natural medicine. This uniquely personal
endorsement of the field somehow solidified the positive
impression I had already formed about my new colleagues.
A Sabbatical, Transformative Lectures, and a
Chance Encounter
My association with the leaders of the emerging field
of naturopathic medicine led to an important introduction
and opportunity. Richard Liebmann, ND, was dean of the
National College of Naturopathic Medicine in Portland,
Oregon, in 1978, and he inquired whether I would teach a
course in nutritional medicine at the college. I agreed, and
1978 turned out to be a pivotal year for my career as an
educator. I took a sabbatical from my permanent university
position. A group of students at Evergreen State College—a
school known for innovative course design—had
nominated me to teach nutritional biochemistry at the
campus in Olympia, Washington. I organized a companion
course that was team taught by me, Dr Joe Pizzorno, and
Betty Cutter, PhD, that we called “Is there a Healer in the
House?” Together, we coordinated weekly guest lectures
about topics connected to the healing arts, and our
speakers represented a diverse range of specialties, from
natural medicine to surgery. That year—splitting my time
between NCIM in Portland and Evergreen in Olympia—
my personal knowledgebase expanded well beyond my
clinical biochemistry and environmental science training.
I was fascinated by the many rich perspectives I was
exposed to about medicine, health, disease, and healing.
With each lecture I listened to, with each book I read, and
with each new relationship I established, my own unique
perspective on these topics was taking shape, and my
excitement about the future was building.
During this same period of time, I attended a meeting
of the Northwest Academy of Preventive Medicine. By
chance, I sat next to another “young turk”: David Jones, MD,
a family physician from Ashland, Oregon. In the course of
the meeting, Dr Jones and I became increasingly
dissatisfied with our experience at this conference. The
presentations often seemed to lack a thematic direction
and we had questions about the scientific rigor of some of
the research. Dr Jones and I talked about what we would
like to do to make future meetings of this group more
successful. As a pair, we were outspoken and unabashed;
as a consequence, I became the president of the Northwest
Academy of Preventive Medicine in 1979, and Dr Jones
started the Southern Oregon Academy of Preventive
Medicine. During the next 10 years, Dr Jones and I
collaborated on growing our 2 networks. Breaking away
from closely held traditions of exclusivity that govern most
professional organizations, we were united in our belief
that our groups should be open to all upstanding members
of the healing arts: naturopaths, medical doctors,
chiropractors, dentists, acupuncturists, dietitians,
nutritionists, nurses, physical therapists, and physician
assistants. We hoped to engage those members of each
profession who were dedicated to excellence and life-long
learning from one another and from emerging science.
New Ventures, Exciting Times, and a Big Decision
This era was a very dynamic time in the Pacific
Northwest, especially in the evolution of natural medicine.
I established a monthly study club that served as a
gathering place for the leaders of the natural medicine
movement. We frequently recorded these sessions, and
audiotapes would be shared among people who couldn’t
attend in person. A decade later, I began producing a
monthly audio series based on my experience with the
study group, and “Functional Medicine Update”—the
name of my recording—became a regular part of my life
for more than 34 years. At our study group meetings in the
late 1970s, Dr Pizzorno and I frequently discussed the
need for a science-based naturopathic medical college,
and we believed that Seattle would be the ideal location.
Other leaders in the field agreed with the worthiness of
this project, and in 1978 the establishment of the
14 Integrative Medicine • Vol. 17, No. 1 • February 2018 Bland—Creating Synthesis
John Bastyr College of Naturopathic Medicine moved
from discussion to implementation. I joined Bastyr’s first
board of trustees and became founding president of the
Council of Naturopathic Medical Education. Jointly, these
organizations applied to the US Department of Education
for official recognition and accreditation, which was
ultimately granted.
By 1981, I was once again on sabbatical from my
teaching position at the University of Puget Sound. At the
invitation of Dr Linus Pauling, I was working under his
mentorship at the Linus Pauling Institute of Science and
Medicine. For 2 extraordinary years, I had the opportunity
to engage in research and program development that was
foundational to the integration of systems biology into
medicine. I interacted with an amazing group of innovators;
Dr Pauling himself was the leader of the institute, and he
invited scientific leaders and colleagues from around the
world to visit the institute as guest faculty. During this
period, I studied the history of medicine and the healing
arts in greater detail. I read voraciously about the concept
of natural medicine and naturopathy.4
In 1983, a conference
that was organized as a tribute to Dr Pauling took place in
San Francisco. The proceedings from this event were
edited by Richard Huemer, MD, and published in a book
titled The Roots of Molecular Medicine. My contribution
was a chapter based on my presentation,
“Lipid-Peroxidation-Induced Diseases: A Model of
Molecular Disease.”5
Among the many personal and
professional milestones I achieved during my years at the
Pauling Institute, a project of particular pride was my
work with the noted Scottish cancer specialist, Ewan
Cameron, MD, on the development of an integrated
approach to cancer therapy that culminated in our
completion of an animal study on the differential effects of
omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids. We published our
results in 1989, and the findings were surprising: In a
mouse model of breast cancer, an omega-6-enriched diet
produced a procarcinogenic effect, whereas an
omega-3-enriched diet produced a cancer-protective
effect.6
After completing my second sabbatical year in 1984, I
made a dramatic decision: I resigned from my faculty
position and relinquished my university tenure. I started a
company—HealthComm International—with the
intention of teaching practitioners how to implement
preventive nutritional medicine in their practices. Why
did I move away from academia? Because Dr Pauling had
asked me a pointed question when our time together came
to an end: “Do you think your classroom will be big
enough for you and your vision to bring science-based
nutritional medicine to the practitioner?” I decided to rise
to the challenge, and so I made the life-changing decision
to redefine my professional identity. A new chapter
started: I was now an entrepreneur whose focus was to
build a new discipline of science—as well as a business—
around the concept and power of nutritional medicine.
The Origin of Functional Medicine and the
Institute for Functional Medicine
By 1988, HealthComm was well established as a
leadership organization in nutritional medicine education
and development. My wife, Susan Bland, suggested that we
bring together some of the remarkable people I had met
through the years—innovators and leaders—to discuss
our vision for the future and objectives for collaborative
efforts. We convened a meeting in 1989 in Victoria,
British Columbia, Canada. A group of key opinion leaders
from different backgrounds, and with different perspectives
and expertise, were invited to discuss and freely exchange
ideas about what the “best practices” of health care in the
future might look like. Sponsored by HealthComm, the
attendee list was as follows:
• Sid Baker, MD
• Stephen Barrie, ND, PhD
• Jeffrey Bland, PhD
• Susan Bland, MA
• J. Alexander Bralley, PhD
• Leo Galland, MD
• David Jones, MD
• Jeff Katke
• Martin Lee, PhD
• Hakeem Lewis, ND
• Peter Madill, MD
• Wayne Matson, PhD
• Darrell Medcalf, PhD
• Jean Munro, MD (England)
• Stephen Paul, PhD
• Joseph Pizzorno, ND
• Graham Reedy, MD
• Scott Ridgen, MD
From the discussion among this diverse group of
experts, the concept of functional medicine as a systems
biology approach to health care was born. Systems biology
was just emerging as a conceptual way of thinking about
the complex interactions in biology and molecular
medicine that give rise to function; once established,
innovators such as Lee Hood, MD, PhD, would go on to be
acknowledged as pioneers in this field.7
Among our group,
there was considerable discussion as to whether
functional medicine was an appropriate term; this
description was already in use in geriatric medicine and
also in reference to psychosomatic illness.8,9 It was the
consensus of the group that the use of the term functional
in medicine was starting to change in the late 1980s,
especially due to the development of important new
technologies and approaches, such as functional MRI and
functional cardiology. Our assembled group also believed
that functional medicine would honor the molecular
medicine concept of Linus Pauling and its connection to
system biology10 as well as the roots of science-based
natural medicine.11 All these years later, the word functional
Bland—Creating Synthesis Integrative Medicine • Vol. 17, No. 1 • February 2018 15
now applies to states of health that span physiological,
physical, cognitive, and emotional issues in health care;
the accumulated loss of function across those 4 functional
domains defines the early signs of what is later diagnosed
as pathological disease.12
Nearly 2 decades after our summit in
British Columbia, a colleague discovered a stunning
article in the medical literature: an editorial published in
Lancet in 1871 by Sir Willoughby F. Wade, MD, professor
of medicine at Queens College in Birmingham, England,
titled “Clinical Lecture on Functional Medicine.”
Professor Wade wrote the following words: “Whenever
we come to treat a case, to prescribe drugs or particular
diets, rest or action, we should first of all consider what
function of the body it is that is improperly performed.”13
As a copy of this article was emailed and shared digitally
in a future world that the distinguished Professor Wade
most likely never envisioned, my colleagues and I came
to recognize that functional medicine is a concept that
makes sense in any era when the right questions are
being asked. We’ll never know what kind of reception
Professor Wade’s lecture received when he presented it in
March of 1870, but given the silence that followed for
more than 100 years, one can assume he was a unique
thinker in a time that preferred conformity to innovation.
For a truly successful application of functional medicine
to take place—one with widespread impact and clinical
success—the science of systems biology and molecular
medicine, in combination with a focus on
patient-centered health care, represents the right soil for
the concept to take root and thrive.
Natural Medicine Education and the Connection to
Functional Medicine
In 2016, journalist John Weeks, who is well known
for his in-depth reporting on topics related to natural
medicine, wrote a column about the early leadership
within the naturopathic profession and the later
emergence of functional medicine.14 In this review, he
acknowledged the modern rebirthing of a science-based
naturopathic profession in the late 1970s and early 1980s
and described the significant role this era played in the
development of both integrative and functional medicine.
What I have written here today is an insider’s view of key
events that transpired during that period and the very
real people we should honor and credit as we reflect on
this history. For me, it all started with a knock on my
door. I opened it to find a friendly and smiling group of
quiet revolutionaries, and I hold each one in the highest
regard to this day. Their work led to the first graduates of
distinction from the National College of Naturopathic
Medicine in Portland and John Bastyr College of
Naturopathic Medicine in Seattle. Later, the movement
spread, and I had the opportunity to work with the
founders of the Canadian College of Naturopathic
Medicine in Toronto on the development of their
science-based curriculum. Later still came the Southwest
College of Naturopathic Medicine in Scottsdale, Arizona,
and Bridgeport University College of Naturopathic
Medicine in Connecticut.
With my wife, Susan Bland, I founded the Institute for
Functional Medicine in 1991. The forward-looking
dialogue that began with natural medicine has never
stopped: How do we balance science with experience, the
individual with the average, the diagnosis with the
prognosis, the intervention with the intention, the
technology with the intuition, and the genes with the
environment? More than 100 000 licensed health care
practitioners have participated in education programs
offered through the Institute for Functional Medicine
during the past 26 years. Millions of patients have
experienced the functional medicine approach to the
clinical implementation of systems biology, as well as
personalized prevention and treatment during this
period.15 In 2014, the Cleveland Clinic Center for
Functional Medicine was established; hundreds of patients
are now seen annually and the success of the functional
medicine operating system is being closely measured.16
For me, this has been a remarkable 40-year journey, and it
was the convergence of 3 paths—natural medicine,
molecular medicine, and systems biology, viewed through
the lens of patient-centered care—that elucidated not only
the case for the development of the functional medicine
concept, but also the need for it as a logical step as an
operating system for the transformation of health care.
Personalized lifestyle health care, a dynamic field that will
introduce even more people to the value of functional
medicine applications, is a success story that is just
beginning to be fully revealed.17,18 A new year has just
turned, and therefore the journey—for all of us—continues.
The past is important to me and I like to honor the history
and lineage that brought us to this time and place, but like
so many others, I also look forward with great anticipation
to the emergence of a new era of discovery, progress, and
empowerment.
References
1. Niki E, Traber MG. A history of vitamin E. Ann Nutr Metab. 2012;61(3):207-212.
2. Bland J, Canfield W, Kennedy T, et al. Effect of tocopherol on photooxidation
rate of human erythrocyte membrane in vitro. Physiol Chem Phys.
1978;10(2):145-152.
3. Bland J, Madden P, Herbert EJ. Effect of alpha-tocopherol on the rate of
photohemolysis of human erythrocytes. Physiol Chem Phys. 1975;7(1):69-85.
4. Krause H. A review of the history of naturopathy. J Natl Malar Soc. 1946;2:18.
5. Huemer, Richard P. The Roots of Molecular Medicine. A Tribute to Linus
Pauling. New York, NY: W. H. Freeman and Company; 1983.
6. Cameron E, Bland J, Marcuson R. Divergent effects of omega-6 and omega-3
fatty acids on mammary tumor development in C3H/Heston mice treated
with DMBA. Nutr Res. 1989;9(4):383-393.
7. Editorial Staff. Interview with Leroy Hood. Bioanalysis. 2013;5(12):1475-
1478.
8. Wessely S, Nimnuan C, Sharpe M. Functional somatic syndromes: One or
many? Lancet. 1999;354(9182):936-939.
9. Jeffcoate WJ. Chronic fatigue syndrome and functional hypoadrenia: Fighting
vainly the old ennui. Lancet. 1999;353(9151):424-425.
10. Pauling L, Itano HA. Sickle cell anemia a molecular disease. Science.
1949;110(2865):543-438.
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11. Pizzorno JE. Naturopathic medicine—a 10-year perspective (from a 35-year
view). Altern Ther Health Med. 2005;11(2):24-26.
12. Bland J. Functional medicine: An operating system for integrative medicine.
Integr Med (Encinitas). 2015;14(5):18-20.
13. Wade WF. Clinical lecture on functional medicine. Lancet. July 1871;1:1.
14. Weeks J. The Leadership of the naturopathic profession in the emergence of
integrative and functional medicine…plus more. Integr Med (Encinitas).
2016;15(2):16-18.
15. Hyman M. A look at the Institute for Functional Medicine with David Jones,
MD. Altern Ther Health Med. 2008;14(1):10-11.
16. Weeks J. Tipping point? Cleveland Clinic announces partnership with
Hyman/Hanaway and the Institute for Functional Medicine … plus more.
Integr Med (Encinitas). 2014;13(6):12-15.
17. Hyman MA, Ornish D, Roizen M. Lifestyle medicine: Treating the causes of
disease. Altern Ther Health Med. 2009;15(6):12-14.
18. Bland JS, Minich DM, Eck BM. A systems medicine approach: Translating
emerging science into individualized wellness. Adv Med. 2017;2017:1718957.
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