This post contains two PICOT Statement Paper examples and two literature table evaluation examples to guide nursing students with these assignments.
NRS-490
PICOT Statement Paper Example 1
Patients face a significant risk of Healthcare-associated infections (HCAIs). HCAIs, also known as nosocomial infections, are infections acquired in hospitals and care facilities. The infections are caused by viral, bacterial, and fungal pathogens and first, appear 48 hours or more after hospital admission or within 30 days of receiving care. HCAIs constitute a significant safety concern for both health care providers and patients. The US Center for Disease Control and Prevention identifies that nearly 1.7 million hospitalized patients annually acquire HCAIs while being treated for other health issues and that more than 98,000 patients die due to these infections. Studies show that HCAIs prevalence rates range from 4.6% to 9.3%, with the ICU having a higher prevalence rate of up to 16%. Patients are highly susceptible to infections in the ICUs due to diminished immune systems, cross-contamination between patients and nurses, infections to surgery sites (SSIs) and implants, and prostheses, which could include bloodstream infections.
Antibiotics, the primary mode of treating and managing infections surmount to a high cost of healthcare. Secondly, despite the intensive approaches to address HCAIs, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, and poor implementation of best practice by nurses makes HCAIs one of the biggest causes of death and an increase in healthcare costs. It is essential to establish frameworks that reduce the occurrence of HCAIs among ICU patients who are susceptible and hugely affected. Studies suggest the use of simple infection control procedures coupled with routine educational interventions for healthcare professionals.
PICOT Statement Example 1
Structure of the PICOT Statement Paper 1
Studies indicate that the risk for HCAIs is high for patients in ICUs. ICU patients are highly susceptible due to low immune systems, cross contaminations, surgical sites, and wounds. Hence, the study focuses on a population of ICU patients.
Population– ICU patients- This includes the patients held in ICUs; as a result of their condition.
Intervention– the proposed intervention will be routine educational initiatives for nurses on managing and controlling infections coupled with simple infection control procedures.
Comparison- The comparison will be made on the clinical outcomes obtained after routinely training the nurses on infection prevention and management compared to using simple infection control procedures such as washing hands.
Outcomes– the expected results include a reduced occurrence of HCAIs infections, reduced costs of healthcare, and improved patient safety. The routine training is expected to reduce the number and instances of HCAIs infections, and subsequently reduce costs of healthcare and improve the safety of employees.
Time– over three months.
Hence the PICOT statement paper’s PICOT question is:
For ICU patients (P), will routine educational initiatives for nurses on managing and controlling infections coupled the with simple infection control procedures (I), in comparison to the use of simple infections control procedures solely (C), lead to a reduced occurrence of HCAIs infections, reduced costs of healthcare and improved patient safety (0) over a period of three months (T).
The PICOT Question example above offers guidance to the creation of the Literature Evaluation Table example below and according to the Literature Evaluation Table gcu template and guidelines. With strict The PICOT Question example above offers guidance to the creation of the Literature Evaluation Table example below and according to the Literature Evaluation Table gcu template and guidelines, we can create the Literature Evaluation Table for you to follow your PICOT question and according to the Literature Evaluation Table gcu template and guidelines.
Literature Evaluation Table Example 1
| Criteria | Article 1 | Article 2 | Article 3 | Article 4 | Article 5 | Article 6 |
| Author , journal | Currie, K., Melone, L., Stewart, S., King, C., Holopainen, A., Clark, A. M., & Reilly, J.. American Journal of infection control, 46(8), 936-942. | Russo, P. L., Havers, S. M., Cheng, A. C., Richards, M., Graves, N., & Hall, L. (2016). A qualitative study. American journal of infection control, 44(12), 1505-1510. | Krein, S. L., Harrod, M., Collier, S., Davis, K. K., Rolle, A. J., Fowler, K. E., & Mody, L. (2017). A national collaborative approach to reduce catheter-associated urinary tract infections in nursing homes: A qualitative assessment. American journal of infection control, 45(12), 1342-1348. | Rutala, W. A., Kanamori, H., Gergen, M., Sickbert-Bennett, E., Knelson, L. P., Chen, L. F., … & Weber, D. infectious diseases (Vol. 4, No. suppl_1, pp. S192-S192). US: Oxford University Press. | Reynolds, K. A., & Canales, R. A. (2016).. American Journal of Infection Control, 44(6), S4-S5. | Patel, P. K., Greene, M. T., Jones, K., Rolle, A. J., Ratz, D., Snyder, A., … & Chopra, V. (2019).. Annals of Internal Medicine, 171(7_Supplement), S23-S29. |
| Article title and year published | (2018). Understanding the patient experience of health careāassociated infection: a qualitative systematic review | Characteristics of national and statewide health careāassociated infection surveillance programs: 2016 | (2017). A national collaborative approach to reduce catheter-associated urinary tract infections in nursing homes | (2017, October). Quantitative Analysis of Microbial Burden on Hospital Room Environmental Surfaces Contributing to Healthcare-Associated Infections. In Open forum | Quantitative Risk Modeling of Healthcare Acquired Infections and Interventions Using Baseline Data and Simple Models | Quantitative Results of a National Intervention to Prevent Central LineāAssociated Bloodstream Infection: A PreāPost Observational Study |
| Research questions and purposes/aim of the study | To develop acceptable, effective interventions, greater understanding of patients’ experience of HAI is needed. | The aim of this study was to broaden our understanding and identify key characteristics of large HAISPs. | to understand implementation successes and challenges and experiences of participants involved in the program | We have conducted a research project to evaluate the microbiota of the eye washers present in several buildings across Michigan State Universityās campus. | To evaluate the impact of a multimodal intervention in hospitals with elevated rates of health careāassociated infection | |
| Design | Qualitative | Qualitative | Qualitative | Quantitative | Quantitative | Quantitative |
| Setting | Seventeen studies (2001-2017) from 5 countries addressing 5 common types of HAI met the inclusion criteria. | Microbiological samples were collected from high-frequency-touch hospital room surfaces using Rodac plates (25 cm2/plate) in rooms after terminal room disinfection | Acute care, long-term acute care, and critical access hospitals, including intensive care units and medical/surgical wards | |||
| Methods intervention/Instruments | The Noblit and Hare (1988) approach to meta-synthesis was adopted. | Semi-structured interviews | to understand implementation successes and challenges and experiences of participants involved in the program | A PreāPost Observational Study | ||
| Analysis | To investigate contemporary patient experience in an era of antimicrobial resistance is warranted. | Although the overall goal of health careāassociated infection surveillance is to reduce the incidence of health careāassociated infection, there are many crucial factors to be considered in attaining this goal. | to understand implementation successes and challenges and experiences of participants involved in the program | |||
| Key findings | Seventeen studies (2001-2017) from 5 countries addressing 5 common types of HAI met the inclusion criteria. Four interrelated themes emerged: the continuum of physical and emotional responses, experiencing the response of health care professionals, adapting to life with an HAI, and the complex cultural context of HAI. | lthough the overall goal of health careāassociated infection surveillance is to reduce the incidence of health careāassociated infection, there are many crucial factors to be considered in attaining this goal. | Collaborative are an important strategy. | In hospitals with a disproportionate burden of health careāassociated infection, a multimodal intervention did not reduce rates of CLABS | ||
| Recommendations | Providing nursing homes with enhanced expertise and support to prevent HAIs and ensure resident safety | |||||
| How it supports project | Helps in understanding the manifestation of HCIAs | The findings from this study will assist the development of new HAISPs and could be used as an adjunct to evaluate existing program | Supports the educational interventions suggested by the proposal | Helps understand the risk HCAIs pose. |
PICOT Statement Paper Example 2
Workplace Violence against Nurses
According to the World Health Organization (WHO) workplace violence involves incidents where staff is abused, threatened or assaulted in circumstances related to their work, or involving an explicit or implicit challenge to their safety, well-being or health. A Joint Commission by the American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) and the Emergency Nurses Association (ENA), highlight that about 70% of emergency nurses report being hit and kicked while on the job (American College of Emergency Physicians, 2018; Emergency Nurses Association, 2018). The prevalence of workplace violence has been rising in the past decade with the National Nurses United (NNU) (2016) highlighting that between 2005 and 2014, rates of workplace violence incidents have increased 110% in private industry hospitals. The vulnerability of nurses in the clinical settings varies with Emergency nurses and other ED staff and psychiatric nurses having a higher occupational risk for WPV, including both verbal and physical assaults (NNU, 2016).
Even though violence from patients or visitors toward nurses falls under Type II of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) classification of WPV violence in healthcare, incidents that are underreported are remain inevitable for most nurses (Benyon, 2016). A study by Vrablik et al. (2019) indicates that Nurses and other ED practitioners have accepted that WPV is an almost daily occurrence, and physical abuse is common. The study points out that the violence had an effect on care provision as the nurses felt burn out, fatigued, worn out, and faced mental stressed daily.
The a Joint commission (2018) by ACEP and ENA suggests the use of Interventions and Response training modules to educate, train, and prepare nurses, and managers on how to recognize and mitigate all types of violence.
PICOT Question example 1
Hence the PICOT statement paper’s PICOT question is:
For emergency nurses and staff (ED);
(P) Does the use of Interventions and Response training Courses (I) help in recognizing and mitigating all workplace violence (O) compared to the existing no-training approach (C)?
Population Problem: Emergency nurses and staff (ED):
Intervention: Interventions and Response training Courses
Comparison: No preoperative use of education and training on workplace violence.
Outcome: Reduce the number of all workplace violence.
Time: Within a period of 30 daysĀ
The PICOT Question example above offers guidance to the creation of the Literature Evaluation Table example below and according to Literature Evaluation Table gcu template and guidelines.
Literature Evaluation Table example 2
| Criteria | Article 1 | Article 2 | Article 3 | Article 4 | Article 5 | Article 6 |
| Author , journal | Arnetz, J., Hamblin, L. E., Sudan, S., & Arnetz, B. | Beattie, J., Griffiths, D., Innes, K., & Morphet, J. (2019). | Henderson, L., Kamp, B., Niedbalski, K., Abraham, S. P., & Gillum, D. R. (2018). | Najafi, F., FallahiāKhoshknab, M., Ahmadi, F., Dalvandi, A., & Rahgozar, M. | Vagharseyyedin, S. A. | Vrablik, M. C., MD, Chipman, A. K., Rosenman, E. D., Simcox, N. J., Huynh, L., Moore, M., & Fernandez, R. |
| Article title and year published | 2018 Organizational determinants of workplace violence against hospital workers. | 2019 Workplace violence perpetrated by clients of health care: A need for safety and traumaāinformed care. Journal of clinical nursing 2019 | 2018 Nursesā Perspectives on Patient and Visitor Violence: A Qualitative Study. International Journal of Studies in Nursing, | 2018 Antecedents and consequences of workplace violence against nurses: A qualitative study. Journal of clinical nursin | (2016). Nurses’ perspectives on workplace mistreatment: A qualitative study. Nursing & health sciences. | (2019). Identification of processes that mediate the impact of workplace violence on emergency department healthcare workers in the USA: results from a qualitative study. BMJ open, |
| Design | Quantitative | Quantitative | Quantitative | Qualitative | Qualitative | Qualitative |
Peerāreviewed research articles (Quantitative)
- Identification of processes that mediate the impact of workplace violence on emergency department healthcare workers in the USA: results from a qualitative study: Retrieved from https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/9/8/e031781
- Antecedents and consequences of workplace violence against nurses: A qualitative study: Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/jocn.13884
- Workplace violence perpetrated by clients of health care: A need for safety and traumaāinformed care: Retrieved from Https://Onlinelibrary.Wiley.Com/Doi/Abs/10.1111/Jocn.13884
Peerāreviewed research articles (Qualitative)
- Nursesā Perspectives on Patient and Visitor Violence: A Qualitative Study. Retrieved from http://journal.julypress.com/index.php/ijsn/article/view/427
- Nurses’ perspectives on workplace mistreatment: A qualitative study: Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/nhs.12236
- Organizational Determinants of Workplace Violence Against Hospital Workers: Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6086761/
References
American College of Emergency Physicians. (2018). Violence in the emergency department: Resources for a safer workplace. Retrieved from https://www.acep.org/administration/violence-in-the-emergencydepartment-resources-for-a-safer-workplace/
Arnetz, J., Hamblin, L. E., Sudan, S., & Arnetz, B. (2018). Organizational determinants of workplace violence against hospital workers. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine, 60(8), 693.
Beattie, J., Griffiths, D., Innes, K., & Morphet, J. (2019). Workplace violence perpetrated by clients of health care: A need for safety and traumaāinformed care. Journal of clinical nursing, 28(1-2), 116-124.
Benyon, B. (2016). Violence against Nurses: A Major Issue in Healthcare. Retrieved 17 November 2019, from https://www.oncnursingnews.com/web-exclusives/violence-against-nurses-a-major-issue-in-healthcare
Emergency Nurses Association. (2019). Workplace violence. https://www.ena.org/practiceresources/workplace-violence
Henderson, L., Kamp, B., Niedbalski, K., Abraham, S. P., & Gillum, D. R. (2018). Nursesā Perspectives on Patient and Visitor Violence: A Qualitative Study. International Journal of Studies in Nursing, 3(2), 117.
Najafi, F., FallahiāKhoshknab, M., Ahmadi, F., Dalvandi, A., & Rahgozar, M. (2018). Antecedents and consequences of workplace violence against nurses: A qualitative study. Journal of clinical nursing, 27(1-2), e116-e128.
National Nurses United. (2016). National Nurses United Petitions Federal OSHA for Workplace Violence Prevention Standard. Retrieved 17 November 2019, from https://www.nationalnursesunited.org/press/national-nurses-united-petitions-federal-osha-workplace-violence-prevention-standard
The Joint Commission. (2018). Physical and verbal violence against health care workers. Sentinel Event Alert, 59, 1ā9. Retrieved from https://www.jointcommission.org/assets/1/18/SEA_59_Workplace_ violence_4_13_18_FINAL.pdf
Vagharseyyedin, S. A. (2016). Nurses’ perspectives on workplace mistreatment: A qualitative study. Nursing & health sciences, 18(1), 70-78
Vrablik, M. C., MD, Chipman, A. K., Rosenman, E. D., Simcox, N. J., Huynh, L., Moore, M., & Fernandez, R. (2019). Identification of processes that mediate the impact of workplace violence on emergency department healthcare workers in the USA: results from a qualitative study. BMJ open, 9(8), e031781. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031781
World Health Organization. (2002). Framework guidelines for addressing workplace violence in the health sector. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/violence/interpersonal/en/WVguidelinesEN.pdf?ua=1
Literature Evaluation Table GCU
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The Nursing Question for this PICOT Statement paper and Literature Evaluation Table is
Paper details
The first step of the evidence-based practice process is to evaluate a nursing practice environment to identify a nursing problem in the clinical area. When a nursing problem is discovered, the nurse researcher develops a clinical guiding question to address that nursing practice problem.
For this assignment, you will create a clinical guiding question know as a PICOT STatement paper. The PICOT question must be relevant to a nursing practice problem. To support your PICOT question, identify six supporting peer-revised research articles, as indicated below. The PICOT question and six peer-reviewed research articles you choose will be utilized for subsequent assignments.
Use the”Literature Evaluation Table” to complete this assignment.
- Select a nursing practice problem of interest to use as the focus of your research. Start with the patient population and identify a clinical problem or issue that arises from the patient population. In 200ā250 words, provide a summary of the clinical issue.
- Following the PICOT format, write a PICOT question in your selected nursing practice problem area of interest. The PICOT question should be applicable to your proposed capstone project (the project students must complete during their final course in the RN-BSN program of study).
- The PICOT question will provide a framework for your capstone project.
- Conduct a literature search to locate six research articles focused on your selected nursing practice problem of interest. This literature search should include three quantitative and three qualitative peer-reviewed research articles to support your nursing practice problem.
Note: To assist in your search, remove the words qualitative and quantitative and include words that narrow or broaden your main topic. For example: Search for diabetes and pediatric and dialysis. To determine what research design was used in the articles the search produced, review the abstract and the methods section of the article. The author will provide a description of data collection using qualitative or quantitative methods. Systematic Reviews, Literature Reviews, and Metanalysis articles are good resources and provide a strong level of evidence but are not considered primary research articles. Therefore, they should not be included in this assignment.
While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
You are not required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite.
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