This article provides a sample Discussion on Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
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For this Discussion, you reflect on a case from your past clinical experiences and consider how a patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes may alter his or her response to a drug.
To Prepare
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Solution
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
Critically ill patients are different and have distinct pathogenesis and physiology that change rapidly, leading to complicated treatment choices. Therefore, a better understanding of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics is essential in the development of individualized dosing regimens and administering them as it optimizes the pathogen killing activity profile. While pharmacokinetics defines how the body processes drug, pharmacodynamics includes the complex interactions of drugs with the body and the disease-causing pathogen (Greenblatt & Abourjaily, 2016). While it gives insights from experience, this paper reflects how patients’ pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics may change their response to drugs.
Past Clinical Experience
A woman aged 82 years who had abdominal pain was admitted. She had earlier suffered from hypertension, kidney problems, long term pain, and hyperlipidemia. She had a prescription of taking 2 mg of hydromorphone intravenously IV every two to four hours to manage pain. However, she complained of more pain two hours after receiving the first dose. She, therefore, got a similar dose. Forty minutes later, and with no response, the healthcare provider introduced a fast response code.
Issues Associated With Patients’ Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics
Age is one of the most apparent factors that has influenced the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics processes of patients. Her advanced age contributed to her body’s difficulty maintaining cellular functional integrations and homeostasis since her body’s functions and processes in most of her regulatory organs were impaired (Chen et al., 2015). Therefore, increased or changed sensitivity or even insensitivity to some medications and reduced renal and hepatic clearance can lead to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics alterations. According to the World Health Organization. (2018) To achieve improved effectiveness of the medications offered to the patient, the provider has to ensure personalized and efficient care and a proper understanding of the aging impact on pharmacology.
As you continue, thestudycorp.com has the top and most qualified writers to help with any of your assignments. All you need to do is place an order with us. (Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics)
The aging process does not only accompanied by reduced hepatic and renal functions, but it is also associated with harmful alterations to the structural and functional aspects of the organs and body cells (Azhar et al., 2019). Increased sensitivity to some medicines also occurs due to pharmacodynamics alterations. Therefore, to ensure the effective administration of different medications, it is vital to have a thorough understanding of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
References
Azhar, A., Hussain, K., & Majid, A. (2019). Drug management in patients with reduced kidney function. Prescriber, 30(2), 18-22.
Chen, T. T., Maevsky, E. I., & Uchitel, M. L. (2015). Maintenance of homeostasis in the aging hypothalamus: the central and peripheral roles of succinate. Frontiers in endocrinology, 6, 7.
Greenblatt, D. J., & Abourjaily, P. N. (2016). Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics for medical students: a proposed course outline. The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 56(10), 1180-1195.
World Health Organization. (2018). Delivering quality health services: a global imperative for universal health coverage.
Question
For this Discussion, you reflect on a case from your past clinical experiences and consider how a patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes may alter his or her response to a drug.
To Prepare
- Review the Resources for this module and consider the principles of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.
- Reflect on your experiences, observations, and/or clinical practices from the last 5 years and think about how pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors altered his or her anticipated response to a drug.
- Consider factors that might have influenced the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes, such as genetics (including pharmacogenetics), gender, ethnicity, age, behavior, and/or possible pathophysiological changes due to disease.
- Think about a personalized plan of care based on these influencing factors and patient history in your case study.
- Include 4 scholarly peer-reviewed references that are no older than 5 years.
- Post a description of the patient case from your experiences, observations, and/or clinical practice from the last 5 years. Then, describe factors that might have influenced pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes of the patient you identified. Finally, explain the details of the personalized plan of care that you would develop based on influencing factors and patient history in your case. Be specific and provide examples.
