Ethics, Policy, and Health Care Delivery Systems

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Assignment Overview

In this assignment, you will explore concepts related to Ethics in Health Care, Health Care Policy, and Health Care Delivery Systems.

Case Assignment

Describe current federal health care policies and standards that are designed to offer guidance to health organizations to ensure quality of care among vulnerable populations.

Solution

Ethics, Policy, and Health Care Delivery Systems

The American healthcare sector comprises an array of clinicians, healthcare facilities, insurance plans, and buyers of healthcare services. These entities operate under various configurations of independent practices, networks and groups either based in the public or private sectors, where some are for-profit or not-for-profit organizations. Others are governmental or voluntary regulators. Collectively, all these stakeholders are referred to as the US health care delivery system herein defined as an organization of people, institutions, and resources to deliver health care services in a manner that meets the health needs of a target population.

It is only through an efficient and effective healthcare delivery system that Americans can enjoy optimal health both as specific individuals and as a population where every one of the benefits from high-quality health care services is effectively coordinated in the context of a robust public health system. According to Bhatt et al. (2018), millions of Americans living in vulnerable rural and urban communities rely on their hospital as a significant and usually their only healthcare source. Nevertheless, integrated, comprehensive strategies to reform health care delivery and payment through which vulnerable communities have the opportunity to make individual choices premised on their needs, support structures, and preferences. Consequently, this essay purposes of examining concepts related to healthcare delivery systems, health care policy, and ethics in healthcare.

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Description of Existing Federal Health Care Policies and Standards

           As noted in the introductory section of this essay, vulnerable populations, specifically those who are poor and uninsured or of minority and immigrant status, reside in geographically or economically disadvantaged communities whose source of care comes from safety net providers. The safety net providers include but are not limited to hospital outpatient and emergency departments, physicians’ offices, and health centers whose defining characteristic is that they offer health care services to the underserved. In line with their unique role and mission, the aforementioned safety net providers comprehensively offer medical and supporting services specifically meant to meet vulnerable populations’ needs (Bhatt & Bathija, 2018).

These services include but are not limited to case management, social support services, nutrition and health education, child care, and language translation. For example, over the last few decades several federally funded health centers have offered primary and preventive health services to rural and underserved populations through the Bureau of Primary Health Care (BHPC) located within the Federal Department of Health and Human Services. Under this health care policy, health services are regularly offered to patients who belong to ethnic minorities, low- income, uninsured, or those receiving Medicaid. To supplement and complement the health centers, the federal government offers a wide range of health insurance programs ranging from Medicare, Medicaid, and State Children Health Insurance Program (SCHIP). Be that as it may, these healthcare policies are by no means adequate since they are not entirely secure, and the safety net providers’ availability varies from community to community. Subsequently, this points to the need for integrated care delivery.

Description of Current Health Care Policies and Standards in Houston, Texas

           According to Martinez et al. (2016), there is a need for healthcare professionals to come up with innovative strategies to address inefficiencies, escalating costs as well as variations in health care quality, access, and results that continue to bedevil not just the US healthcare system but also the health system at the state level. By 2018, Texas ranked home to the most uninsured residents at 17.7 %( The Texas Tribune, 2019). While healthcare remains controversial across the US due to its characteristics of the health care delivery in our state Texas, it is one of the worst compared to the states. The Texas Tribune (2019) reports that about 5 million Texans representing 17.7%, had no health coverage, a rise from 17.3% in 2017. Despite having one of the highest numbers of residents without health insurance coverage and exacerbated by healthcare costs that continue to grow faster than the overall economy for decades, Texas’s state government has consistently initiated health policies and programs to improve the state’s health care system.

           Other problems addressed are inefficiencies or waste within the healthcare system that serve to increase healthcare costs. Martinez et al. (2016) observe that to address the inefficiencies like overtreatment and failure to coordinate care, Texas is one of the seven states that has embraced a shift in the payment model, putting the patient first and investing in prevention as strategies to ensure the quality of care among vulnerable populations. Instead of relying on the traditional fee-for-service payment model, Texas’s state can leverage its market power as a large purchaser by creating new payment models containing costs and improving care. Examples of the models to change are performance-based reimbursement (pegged on quality and efficiency metrics),  managed care( that integrates financing and delivering health care services to individuals covered by arrangement with selected providers and bundled payments( that offer a lump sum to a group of providers functioning as a team to divide amongst themselves. The following health policy is to put the patient first to yield optimal benefits. Under this strategy, health information technology is examined to enhance patient-centered care while investing in prevention is premised on the rationale the 7 out of 10 leading causes of death in the US are related to preventable conditions. The policies and standards adopted are childhood immunization, vision screening for seniors, and tobacco use screening, amongst other strategies.

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Ethics, Policy, and Health Care Delivery Systems.
Ethics, Policy, and Health Care Delivery Systems.

That Health Care Organizations Can Implement To Foster Ethical Decision Making

           The World Health Organization (2018) states that universal health coverage is an essential and noble objective enshrined in the sustainable development goals since it aims to offer health security and universal access to essential healthcare services without financial difficulties to all individuals’ families communities whether vulnerable or not. Through nursing leadership, healthcare organizations can create motivation and thus enable nurses to provide high-quality care. Barkhordari-Sharifabad et al. (2017) note that ethics is an essential component of leadership where the ethical leader significantly contributes to creating an ethical atmosphere, providing ethical guidance, and promoting the workers’ occupational satisfaction prioritizing moralities. The healthcare facilities’ strategies to promote ethical decision-making are to role model ethical performance on the managerial level while nurse leaders can promote ethics by implementing ethical leadership. This entails being sensitive to moral issues and enhance the performance of nurses by promoting patient safety.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this case assignment has established that hospitals and other healthcare organizations are responsible for building and maintaining strong connections with leading stakeholders to ensure the needs of vulnerable patient populations and communities are supported. Although Texas has one of the worst overall health insurance systems, it can continue to reform and transform its health care delivery system. Usually, patients do not know the best price for healthcare services and end up paying more than they could have had equilibrium at information symmetry. Ethical decision-making and ethical leadership, while beset with some barriers and challenges if inculcated to the employees in a hospital, would help set the priorities on how best to address the health needs of vulnerable populations not just in Texas but also across the US as a nation.

References

Barkhordari-Sharifabad, M., Ashktorab, T., & Atashzadeh-Shoorideh, F. (2017). Obstacles and problems of ethical leadership from the perspective of nursing leaders: a qualitative content analysis. Journal of medical ethics and history of medicine10.

Bhatt, J., & Bathija, P. (2018). Ensuring access to quality health care in vulnerable communities. Academic Medicine93(9), 1271.

Martinez, J. C., King, M. P., & Cauchi, R. (2016). Improving the health care system: seven-state strategies. National Conference of State Legislatures.

The Texas Tribune (2019). Texas has the most people without health insurance in the nation — again. URL; https://www.texastribune.org/2019/09/10/texas-has-most-people-without-health-insurance-nation-again/ Retrieved February 7th, 2021)

World Health Organization. (2018). Delivering Quality Health Services: A Global Imperative. OECD Publishing.

Question – Ethics, Policy, and Health Care Delivery Systems

Assignment Overview

In this assignment, you will explore concepts related to Ethics in Health Care, Health Care Policy, and Health Care Delivery Systems.

Case Assignment

  • Describe current federal health care policies and standards that are designed to offer guidance to health organizations to ensure quality of care among vulnerable populations.
  • Describe current health care policies and standards in your state( Houston, Texas) that are designed to offer guidance to health organizations to ensure quality of care among vulnerable populations.
  • Summarize strategies that health care organizations can implement to foster ethical decision making among employees

Assignment Expectations

Length: 3–4 pages, excluding title page and references.

Assessment and Grading: Your paper will be assessed based on the performance assessment rubric. You can view it under Assessments at the top of the page. Review it before you begin working on the assignment. Your work should also follow these Assignment Expectations.

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