Capella University Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Lab Application Question

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Discussion: Capella University Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Lab Application Question

Discussion: Capella University Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Lab Application Question

Question Description
Define the following terms:
Cellular respiration (aerobic respiration) (2 points)- This is the aerobic process of how cells are able to transform energy that is contained in sugar molecules into chemical energy. This chemical energy is stored in the form of ATP. The 3 steps of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and Electron Transport Chain are what Cellular Respiration is made of.
Fermentation (anaerobic respiration) (2 points)- This is an anaerobic respiration process where the pyruvate formed in glycolysis is into ethanol or lactate. If you compare fermentation to cellular respiration, this process is a little bit less efficient for the production of energy. Fermentation is however, useful as it enables cells to replace NAD+ and FAD+. This also will allow the glycolysis process to continue when a cell doesn’t have enough oxygen.
Summarize what occurs during the three steps of cellular respiration and indicate where each process takes place in the cell. (6 points)
Glycolysis- This happens in the cytoplasm of all living cells. This occurs when the glucose is reduced into 2 molecules of pyruvate and releases 2 molecules of ATP.
Krebs cycle-This takes places in the Mitochondria of an aerobic cell. This is where the pyruvate is reduced into carbon dioxide. When the pyruvate is reduced, this causes 2 molecules of ATP to be released.
Oxidative phosphorylation- This take place in the Mitochondria In aerobic conditions, NADH and FADH2 created in the glycolysis and krebs cycle are restored by limiting the oxygen to water.
What is the primary energy molecule in cells? (5 points)- The primary energy molecule in cells is Adenosine Triphosphate. It sores energy that is released through the cellular respiration process. ATP is released when a cell requires energy to perform another metabolic function.
List the equation in word and chemical form for each of the following processes: (6 points)
Does glycolysis require the presence of oxygen? Please explain your answer. (5 points)- No, glycolysis doesn’t require the presence of oxygen. All cells have the capacity to continue the glycolysis process and use alternative methods for NAD+ and FAD+. The regeneration process for these specific molecules via oxidative phosphorylation as well as the krebs cycle and more efficient than without the presence of oxygen (fermentation)
Why was phenol red used as an indicator of cellular respiration? (5 points)-The phenol red was used to observe and monitor carbon dioxide that was released during the lab. The carbon dioxide in this case was mildly acid and the phenol red changed colors from red to yellow showing that carbon dioxide was produced.
How did exercise affect the rate of cellular respiration? (Hint: Review the time it took for the solution to change with and without exercise). (5 points)- This exercise increased the rate of cellular respiration. The phenol red took minimal time to change its color from red to yellow when applying air at an almost equal rate. After performing this exercise, there was a higher concentration of carbon dioxide. This was due to there was a larger amount of carbon dioxide released by a quicker cellular respiration.
What color was the phenol red solution for each tube after 4 hours elapsed? (8 points)
Control- This control remained red. This indicated that there was no carbon dioxide
Dried peas- The dried peas remained red. This indicated that any formation of carbon dioxide minimal
Germinating peas- The phenol red changed colors from red to yellow. This indicated a large amount of carbon dioxide
Boiled peas-The phenol red didn’t seem to change colors. This indicated that any formation of carbon dioxide was minimal
Compare cellular respiration in the dried, germinating, and boiled peas. Explain why some peas in the experiment produced carbon dioxide (CO2) while other peas did not. (5 points)- The germinated peas were the only item capable of cellular respiration.When testing the dried peas and the boiled peas, there was no change to the phenol red that would indicate any concentration of carbon dioxide.

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Capella University Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Lab Application Question
Capella University Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Lab Application Question


What is the advantage of cellular respiration? (5 points)- The advantage of cellular respiration is that is produces a large amount of energy. Cellular respiration strengthens energy production longer than glycolysis or fermentation. Cellular Respiration produces ATP that can also be used in other chemical reactions within a cell. Other processes such as fermentation for example are not as efficient to producing energy.
The balloons were sealed in this procedure. What is the name for the energy conversion process that occurs in the absence of oxygen? (2 points)- Alcohol Fermentation
What is the advantage of this process? (2 points)- It allows yeast to recharge NAD+ and FAD+ and allow glycolysis to continue. This allows for the continual synthesis of ATP
What type of gas is produced by yeast under anaerobic conditions? (2 points)- Ethanol and Carbon Dioxide
What was the final volume of each balloon after 120 minutes? (6 points)
4.187 x 4.13 = 288 cm3
4.187 x 2.53 = 65 cm3
4.187 x 2.83 = 92 cm3
4.187 x 3.93 = 248 cm3
4.187 x 3.63 = 194 cm3
4.187 x 3.53 = 180 cm3
Based on the results, what was the best source of energy (e.g., food) for the yeast? (3 points)- Sugar was the best energy source
Based on the results, what was the worst source of energy (e.g., food) for the yeast? (3 points)- The combination of salt and sugar was the worst energy source
What factors (ingredients) negatively affected the growth of yeast? (3 points)- The sugar and lemon juice both negatively effected the yeast. The volume after the fermentation reduced when sugar was used and then when either the salt or lemon juice with added with the sugar.
What is the name for the type of fermentation that yeast use? (3 points)- Alcoholic Fermentation.
List two commercial uses of fermentation. (2 points)
(Application) How might the information gained from this lab pertaining to cellular respiration and fermentation be useful to you as a healthcare professional? (20 points)
Cellular respiration– C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 38ADP + 38Pi ? 6CO2 + 6H2O + 38ATP- This is where a molecule of glucose is oxidized by 6 oxygen molecules. It is then transformed into 6 carbon dioxide molecules as well as 6 molecules of water. The energy is released and stored as ATP

Alcoholic fermentation- C6H12O6 + 2ADP + 2Pi ? 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 + 2ATP- This is where a molecule of glucose is oxidized into 2 molecules of ethanol and also 2 molecules of carbon dioxide. During this fermentation, the energy that is released is stored into the form of ATP

Lactic acid fermentation- C6H12O6 + 2ADP + 2Pi ? 2CH3CHOHCOOH + 2ATP-This is where a molecule of glucose is oxidized into 2 molecules of lactic acid. During this fermentation, the energy that is released is stored into the form of ATP.

Review the results from the Rate of Cellular Respiration and Exercise procedure of the lab (Part I) to answer the following questions.

Review the results from the Cellular Respiration in Peas procedure of the lab (Part II) to answer the following questions.

Review the results from the Fermentation procedure of the lab (Part III) to answer the following questions.

a. Making alcoholic beverages such as beer or wine

b. Making yogurt

APPLICATION QUESTION

(Application) How might the information gained from this lab pertaining to cellular respiration and fermentation be useful to you as a healthcare professional? (20 points)

You must proofread your paper. But do not strictly rely on your computer’s spell-checker and grammar-checker; failure to do so indicates a lack of effort on your part and you can expect your grade to suffer accordingly. Papers with numerous misspelled words and grammatical mistakes will be penalized. Read over your paper – in silence and then aloud – before handing it in and make corrections as necessary. Often it is advantageous to have a friend proofread your paper for obvious errors. Handwritten corrections are preferable to uncorrected mistakes.

Use a standard 10 to 12 point (10 to 12 characters per inch) typeface. Smaller or compressed type and papers with small margins or single-spacing are hard to read. It is better to let your essay run over the recommended number of pages than to try to compress it into fewer pages.

Likewise, large type, large margins, large indentations, triple-spacing, increased leading (space between lines), increased kerning (space between letters), and any other such attempts at “padding” to increase the length of a paper are unacceptable, wasteful of trees, and will not fool your professor.

The paper must be neatly formatted, double-spaced with a one-inch margin on the top, bottom, and sides of each page. When submitting hard copy, be sure to use white paper and print out using dark ink. If it is hard to read your essay, it will also be hard to follow your argument.

ADDITIONAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE CLASS

Discussion Questions (DQ)

Initial responses to the DQ should address all components of the questions asked, include a minimum of one scholarly source, and be at least 250 words.
Successful responses are substantive (i.e., add something new to the discussion, engage others in the discussion, well-developed idea) and include at least one scholarly source.
One or two sentence responses, simple statements of agreement or “good post,” and responses that are off-topic will not count as substantive. Substantive responses should be at least 150 words.
I encourage you to incorporate the readings from the week (as applicable) into your responses.
Weekly Participation

Your initial responses to the mandatory DQ do not count toward participation and are graded separately.
In addition to the DQ responses, you must post at least one reply to peers (or me) on three separate days, for a total of three replies.
Participation posts do not require a scholarly source/citation (unless you cite someone else’s work).
Part of your weekly participation includes viewing the weekly announcement and attesting to watching it in the comments. These announcements are made to ensure you understand everything that is due during the week.
APA Format and Writing Quality

Familiarize yourself with APA format and practice using it correctly. It is used for most writing assignments for your degree. Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for APA paper templates, citation examples, tips, etc. Points will be deducted for poor use of APA format or absence of APA format (if required).
Cite all sources of information! When in doubt, cite the source. Paraphrasing also requires a citation.
I highly recommend using the APA Publication Manual, 6th edition.

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Capella University Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Lab Application Question
Capella University Cellular Respiration and Fermentation Lab Application Question


Use of Direct Quotes

I discourage overutilization of direct quotes in DQs and assignments at the Masters’ level and deduct points accordingly.
As Masters’ level students, it is important that you be able to critically analyze and interpret information from journal articles and other resources. Simply restating someone else’s words does not demonstrate an understanding of the content or critical analysis of the content.
It is best to paraphrase content and cite your source.
LopesWrite Policy

For assignments that need to be submitted to LopesWrite, please be sure you have received your report and Similarity Index (SI) percentage BEFORE you do a “final submit” to me.
Once you have received your report, please review it. This report will show you grammatical, punctuation, and spelling errors that can easily be fixed. Take the extra few minutes to review instead of getting counted off for these mistakes.
Review your similarities. Did you forget to cite something? Did you not paraphrase well enough? Is your paper made up of someone else’s thoughts more than your own?
Visit the Writing Center in the Student Success Center, under the Resources tab in LoudCloud for tips on improving your paper and SI score.
Late Policy

The university’s policy on late assignments is 10% penalty PER DAY LATE. This also applies to late DQ replies.
Please communicate with me if you anticipate having to submit an assignment late. I am happy to be flexible, with advance notice. We may be able to work out an extension based on extenuating circumstances.
If you do not communicate with me before submitting an assignment late, the GCU late policy will be in effect.
I do not accept assignments that are two or more weeks late unless we have worked out an extension.
As per policy, no assignments are accepted after the last day of class. Any assignment submitted after midnight on the last day of class will not be accepted for grading.
Communication

Communication is so very important. There are multiple ways to communicate with me:
Questions to Instructor Forum: This is a great place to ask course content or assignment questions. If you have a question, there is a good chance one of your peers does as well. This is a public forum for the class.
Individual Forum: This is a private forum to ask me questions or send me messages. This will be checked at least once every 24 hours.

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